Manifold



l sept. 3o, 1941.

N. E. WAHLBERG MANIFOLD Filed April 19, 1939 Patented Sept. 30, 1941UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,257,629 MANIFOLD Nils Erik Wahlberg,Kenosha, Wis., assignor to Nash-Kelvinator Corporation, Kenosha, Wis., acorporation of Maryland Application April 19, 1939, seria1N0.26s,ss6

1o anims. (c1. 12s- 122) and which is to be `taken as illustrativerather as than limiting the` invention:

Figure 1 is a partial plan view of an internal combustion enginecontaining the invention, certain `parts being broken away in order moreclearly to illustrate the construction;

Figure 2 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken substantiallyupon a plane as indicated by the line 2--2 of Figure 1 looking in thedirection of the arrows; and,

Figure 3 is an end elevational View partially in section upon a plane asindicatedby the line 3-3 of Figure 1 and looking in the direction of thearrows.

Referring more specifically to the drawing in which similarreferencecharacters are employed to designate similar parts, the invention isshown as applied to an internal combustion engine Vof eight cylinders ofthe overhead valve type. 'I'he engine which is designated generally atI0 comprises amotor block I2 which may be of cast iron and provided withthe usual cooling water passageways I4 and finished cylinders I6 withinwhich are received pistons I8 connected by means of wrist pins andconnecting rods 22 to a crank shaft (not shown). Suitable piston rings22are employed for effectively sealing the piston to the cylinder walls.The block is also provided with a valve lifter passageway 24 withinwhich valve lifters 26 may be actuated by a cam shaft (not. shown), theupper ends of the valve lifters 26 being provided with head members 28which are adapted to bear against adjustable stops30 carried by rockerarms 32 pivoted upon the; rock shaft 34 andhaving depending arms 36which are adapted to contact the upper ends 38 of valves 40 to depressthe same and lower them away from their seats 42. A washer 44 engaging agroove (not shown) in the upper end of the valve stem provides a seatagainst which the upper end of a valve spring 46 rests, the lower endofthe spring resting against the upper surfaceof the cylinder head 48,which also supports the rock shaft 34 `from suitable lugs 50. The lvalvestem 38 Vpasses through a guide `52 in the cylinder head 48.

It will be understood that the construction above described is the samefor both intake and exhaust valves, it being only necessary to employslightly"` different materials in the heads of the valves 40 and toemploy different timing for intake and exhaust valves. l

The `head 48 is also provided with a laterally projecting portion 54which contains the intake and exhaust manifold passages. The intakemanifold passages comprise two longitudinally extending channels`56 and58 which are formed in the upperisurface of the cylinder headextension54, thechannel `56 being of less extent than the channel 58 and'positioned approximately midway of the length of the channel 58. Theforward Yand rear portions of the channel 56 are connected totransversely extending passageways or ports for distributing a fuel andair mixture to the intake valves of cylinders number 3, 4, 5; and6, suchlateral passages 6U lying beneath the surface of the 'head 4l)andextending downwardly at an angle to the valve area, as illustratedmore clearly in Figure 3. At its central portionV thechannel 56 isenlarged as at 62 for a purpose to be hereinafter explained.

, Themanifold channel 58 extends longitudinally of the, cylinder head`48 and has its end portions extending diagonally inwardly as at 59toward the principal axis of the motor for the purpose of savingmaterial. At the ends of the channel 58 passageway 64 extends downwardlyand inwardly to the region of the intake valves 40 for cylinders I, 2, 1and 8. The central portion of the channel 58 is also provided with anenlarged portion 66 similar to the enlarged portion at 62 of the channel56.

t this central point and above the channels 56 and 58 there is secured acarburetor provided with a plurality of jets 'lil which are divided by acentral partition l2 `for the purpose of fe'edingair and fuel mixtureseparately into i understood that suitable connections to the rock towhich these ports 86 extend is provided with a partially cylindricalsurface 90 against which a tubular exhaust gas collecting conduit 9t2may be secured as by means of =clamps 94which areA drawn toward thecylindrical surface 90 bymeans of screws 96. clamps 94 have a partiallycylindrical surface It will be understood that ther in engagement withthe conduit 92 so as to exert a pressure against the conduit 92suflicient to cause itslsurface to conform to the nished surface 90 uponthe cylinder headwithout causing distortion or deformation of the tube92 itself. It` willalso be understood that the tube 92 is provided withapertures 98 adjacent each port 86'in order that the exhaust gases mayreadily pass into the tube 92. One end of the tube 92 is provided with acap |00 which may be secured thereto as by welding for the purpose ofclosing olf such end of the tube. The opposite end of the tube 92extends to the usual muffler (not shown) through which the exhaust gasesare passedprior to exhausting to the atmosphere.

:It will be recognized that the enlarged portion 62 and 66 Within thechannels 56 and 58 provide astorage reservoir within which smallquantities of fuel and air mixture may be retained against an emergency.These enlarged portions also serve `'to permit turbulence of the fuelVand air mixtureas it issues from the carburetor into the channels 56and 58 while the passages 56 and 58 are narrovvedaway from the centralportion in order to provide a smooth flow of fuel therein and to reducesuch turbulence. The cylinder head `is provided with water passageways|02 which surround the valves 40 and communicate with the passageways I4in the cylinder block for the purpose of conducting heat from thecylinder `and from aroundthe valve and head surfaces in order to conductthe heat thereof to aradiator for dissipation of the same in the usualmanner. It will also be noted that the passageways |02 and particularlythat passageway indicated at |02 in Figurel 3 serve to conduct thecooling liquid around the manifold channels 56 and 58 for the purpose ofraising the temperature of the entering fuel and air mixture to the'operating temperature of the engine thus providing maximum operatingefficiency for the engine.

The valve rocker mechanism may be covered by means of-a cap |04 whichextends thereover andl is seated against a gasket |06 supported upon theupper surface of the head `48. Cap screws |08 may be employed to securethe cover in place.

The firing order of the motor illustrated in the drawing Will be 1, 6,2, 5, 8, 3, 7, 4, thus requiring the cylinders to draw fuel alternatelyfrom the channels'56 and 58 and imposing no load upon one channelwhereby it would be required to supply two successive charges of fueland air mixture to two different cylinders in the bank fed by itschannel. Accordingly, the impulses within each of the channels 56 and58-Will com- 'and 64 follow this same pattern of charge drawing.` On theother hand, when the direction of flow within the manifold channels 56and 58 is "reversed as betweenintake of cylinders No. 2

vand No. 8,'Y fuel feeding to cylinder number 5 is 'interposed andprovides an opportunity for the mixture flowing within the channel 58 toreach a stage of. equilibrium in order that it may readily reverse itsflow.

It' will thus be seen that a manifold has'been provided which willfunction in an efficient manner to distribute fuel to the cylinders, andthat this manifold will be heated by the cooling liquid flow through themotor and cylinder vhead'to raise the temperature of thefuel andairmixture to that of the motor block wherebymore efcient combustion willbe obtained.

Although the invention has been described in` considerable detail, thisdescription is not to be taken as limiting but merely as illustratingthebest known method of practicing `the invention. All equivalents fallingWithin the scope of the attached claims are reserved. 1

I claim:

l. In an internal combustionv engine, a cylin` der head, a valvemechanism Within the cylinder head and operative to admit quantities offuel and air mixture to the motor, a manifold fordistributing fuel andair mixture to the intake' valves including a pair of longitudinallyextending, spaced channels formed in and open on the upper surface ofthe head, eachof said channels' having its ends connected to a pluralityof cylinders for the purpose of distributing. fuel thereto.

Y 2. A manifold for distributing a-fuel and air mixture to an internalcombustion `engine cornprising channels formed in a portion of theengine, a removable cover plate for said channels, branches connectingAthe ends of said vchannels to intake valves, and cooling liquid passagesexV tending about and in contact-with said channels and said branches toraise the temperature of' the same and of the mixture flowing therealongto the temperature of the motor.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block, a cylinderhead secured to said cylinder block and containing Vvalve mechanism foradmitting charges of fuel and air to the cyl` inders and exhaustingspent gases from the' cylinders, intake manifold channels arranged inthe upper surface of said cylinder head and having their endsterminating in branches leading to the intake Valves of said engine andhorizontally extending exhaust channels extending to a' lateral surfaceof said cylinder block, said branches extending inwardly and downwardlyto the vicinity of said intake valves, and said exhaust ports extendinglaterally below said intake channels'.v

4. In an internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type, a motorblock, cylinders formed in said motor block, a cylinder head for saidmotor block, `an intake manifold formed as an open channel in the uppersurface of-said cylinder head and extending longitudinally of said head,branch passages in said cylinder head extending laterally and downwardlyfrom said manifold and communicating with said cylinders, means forclosing said manifold, and a carburetor located above said manifold andadapted to discharge downwardly into said manifold.

5. In an internal combustion engine motor parts including a motor blockand a cylinder head, cylinders formed in said motor block, an intakemanifold formed as an open channel directly in an upper surface of oneof said motor parts and extending longitudinally thereof, branchpassages in said motor part extending laterally from said manifold andcommunicating with said cylinders, means for closing said channel, and acarburetor located above said manifold and discharging downwardlythereinto, said carburetor being supported by said closing means.

6. In an internal combustion engine motor parts including a motor blockand a cylinder head, cylinders formed in said motor block, an intakemanifold formed directly in an upper surface of one of said motor partsand extending longitudinally thereof, branch passages in said motor partextending laterally from said manifold and communicating with saidcylinders, a carburetor located above said manifold and dischargingdownwardly thereinto, and exhaust passages in said motor part extendinglaterally beneath said manifold and connecting said cylinders with anexhaust manifold secured to a side surface of said motor part.

7. In an internal combustion engine of the over-head valve type, a motorblock, cylinders formed in said motor block, a cylinder head for saidmotor block, an intake manifold formed in the upper surface of saidcylinder head and extending longitudinally of said head, branch passagesin said cylinder head extending laterally and downwardly from saidmanifold and communicating with said cylinders, and exhaust passagesformed in said head and extending laterally beneath said manifold andconnecting said cylinders with an exhaust manifold secured to a sidesurface of said head.

8. In an internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type, a motorblock, -cylinders formed in said motor block, a cylinder head for saidmotor block, an intake manifold formed in the upper surface of saidcylinder head and extending longitudinally thereof, branch passages insaid cylinder head extending laterally and downwardly Afrom saidmanifold and communicating with said cylinders, a carburetor locatedabove and discharging downwardly into said intake manifold, and exhaustpassages formed in said head and extending laterally beneath said intakemanifold and connecting said cylinders with an exhaust manifold securedto a side surface of said cylinder head, the flow of fuel and airmixture from said carburetor to said cylinders being always downward orhorizontal and never upward to distribute fuel and air mixture to saidcylinders in the most efcient manner.

` 9. In an internal combustion engine, motor parts including a motorblock and a cylinder head, cylinders formed in said motor block,` anintake manifold formed directly in an upper surface of one of said motorparts and extending longitudinally thereof, branch passages formed insaid motor part and extending laterally from said manifold andcommunicating with said cylinders, and exhaust passages formed in saidmotor part and extending laterally beneath said intake manifold andconnecting said cylinders with an ex` haust manifold secured to a sidesurface of said motor part, said exhaust passages and said intakemanifold being provided at least in part with common walls whereby heatfrom the exhaust gases is transmitted directly to the fuel and airmixture in the intake manifold.

l0. In an internal combustion engine, motor parts including a motor4block and a cylinder head, cylinders formed in said motor block, anintake manifold formed directly in an upper surface of one of said motorparts and extending longitudinally thereof, branch passages formed insaid motor part and extending laterally from said manifold andcommunicating with said cylinders, and exhaust passages formed in saidmotor part and extending laterally beneath said intake manifold andconnecting said cylinders with an exhaust manifold secured to a sidesurface of said motor part, said exhaust passages and said intakemanifold being provided at least in part with common walls whereby heatfrom the exhaust gases is transmitted directly to the fuel and airmixture in the intake manifold, and another portion of the walls of saidexhaust passages being surrounded by cooling fluid passageways whichalso extend into heat transfer relation with said intake manifold.

NILS ERIK WAHLBERG.

